![]() (ragwort and groundsel) and Taxus baccata (European yew). Cattle and horses are particularly at risk of poisoning by Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron), Conium maculatum ( poison hemlock), Datura stramonium (jimson weed), Equisetum palustre (marsh horsetail), Senecio spp. Poisoning may occur when the plants contaminate hay or silage or when forage alternatives are unavailable. Based on epidemiological data, the poisoning of cattle and horses by alkaloid-containing plants is a relatively common occurrence in Europe. The signsĪlkaloid-Containing Plants Poisonous to Cattle and Horses in Europe.Īlkaloids, nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites, are of major interest to veterinary toxicology because of their occurrence in plant species commonly involved in animal poisoning. The combined total of enquiries for these 15 species was 2754 calls (representing approximately 25% of all enquiries regarding plant exposures). ![]() The most common poisonous plant enquiries, in decreasing order of frequency, were: black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), arum lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica), kowhai (Sophora spp.), euphorbia (Euphorbia spp.), peace lily (Spathiphyllum spp.), agapanthus (Agapanthus spp.), stinking iris (Iris foetidissima), rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum), taro (Colocasia esculentum), oleander (Nerium oleander), daffodil (Narcissus spp.), hemlock (Conium maculatum), karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus), foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) and ongaonga/New Zealand tree nettle (Urtica ferox). Of these enquiries, 11,049 involved exposures to plants and fungi. For the years 2003-2010 inclusive, a total of 256,969 enquiries were received by the NZNPC. Further information was obtained from book chapters, relevant news reports and web material. An extensive literature review was also performed by systematically searching OVID MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. The most common plants causing human poisoning were selected as the basis for this review. Call data from the NZNPC telephone collection databases regarding human plant exposures between 20 were analysed retrospectively. The purpose of this article is to determine the 15 most common poisonous plant enquiries to the NZNPC and provide a review of current literature, discussing the symptoms that might arise upon exposure to these poisonous plants and the recommended medical management of such poisonings. Poisonous plants can cause harm following inadvertent ingestion, via skin contact, eye exposures or inhalation of sawdust or smoked plant matter. The New Zealand National Poisons Centre (NZNPC) frequently receives enquiries regarding exposures to poisonous plants. ![]() New Zealand has a number of plants, both native and introduced, contact with which can lead to poisoning. Slaughter, Robin J Beasley, D Michael G Lambie, Bruce S Wilkins, Gerard T Schep, Leo J Poisonous plants in New Zealand: a review of those that are most commonly enquired about to the National Poisons Centre.
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